The acetabulum is the hemispherical socket of the hip bone formed by the fusion of the ilium (superior 40 percent), ischium (posteroinferior 40 percent), and pubis (anteroinferior 20 percent) at the triradiate cartilage. It receives the femoral head in the ball-and-socket hip joint, with the acetabular labrum and lunate articular surface providing the primary articular contact.
Acetabular fractures from high-energy trauma (posterior dislocations, side impacts, falls from height) are complex injuries classified by Judet and Letournel into five elementary and five associated fracture types. CT reconstruction is essential for fracture characterisation. Associated femoral head fractures and sciatic nerve injury (in posterior patterns) must be assessed. Surgical fixation through anterior and/or posterior approaches restores articular congruity to reduce post-traumatic arthritis risk.
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