Gerdy's tubercle is the bony anterolateral tibial prominence just distal to the lateral tibial condyle where the iliotibial band inserts onto the tibia. It is palpable as the anterolateral tibial bump approximately 2 cm distal to the lateral tibial joint line. The IT band's distal fibres insert here along with contributions from the biceps femoris expansion and the anterolateral capsular structures.
Gerdy's tubercle is the site of the Segond fracture avulsion, a small bony fragment avulsed anterolateral to the tibia during internal rotation varus injury. The Segond fracture is pathognomonic of ACL rupture on plain radiograph, as it represents avulsion of the anterolateral ligament or mid-third lateral capsular ligament attachment. The Segond fracture is distinct from Gerdy's tubercle avulsion (IT band avulsion) which is larger and more distal. IT band friction syndrome symptoms are produced by the IT band sliding over the lateral femoral condyle, not at its tibial insertion at Gerdy's tubercle.
Segond fracture is a small cortical avulsion fragment from the anterolateral tibia proximal and anterior to Gerdy's tubercle, representing avulsion of the anterolateral ligament or lateral capsular tissue in ACL rupture; its recognition on AP knee radiograph indicates a high likelihood of associated ACL rupture and requires MRI evaluation of the entire lateral capsular complex.
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