The cuboid is the lateral tarsal bone articulating with the calcaneus posteriorly, the fourth and fifth metatarsal bases anteriorly, the navicular and lateral cuneiform medially, and containing the peroneal groove on its plantar surface where the peroneus longus tendon turns medially at 90 degrees into the plantar cavity. The cuboid is the keystone of the lateral column of the foot, providing the rigid platform for the lateral arch.
Cuboid syndrome (subluxation of the calcaneocuboid joint) produces lateral midfoot pain after ankle inversion, reproduced by passive forefoot abduction. Manipulation (the cuboid whip or squeeze technique) relocates the subluxed cuboid. Cuboid fractures occur in isolation from direct crush or in combination with calcaneal fractures (lateral process calcaneus). The peroneal groove on the cuboid plantar surface is the site of os peroneum presence, and peroneus longus tenosynovitis at this groove produces lateral plantar midfoot pain.
Ankle inversion injury subluxes the cuboid from the calcaneocuboid articulation, producing lateral midfoot pain and tenderness over the cuboid that is reproduced by passive forefoot abduction; the cuboid whip manipulation technique relocates the joint by applying a sudden plantarward thrust to the dorsal cuboid while passively plantar-flexing and abducting the forefoot.
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