The coracoid process is a hook-shaped projection from the superior scapula serving as the attachment point for the pectoralis minor, short head of biceps, and coracobrachialis muscles, and the origin of the coracoacromial and coracoclavicular ligaments. The coracoid is palpable 1 cm below the clavicle medial to the coracohumeral joint and is a landmark for anterior shoulder anatomy.
The coracoid is transferred in the Latarjet procedure for anterior shoulder instability with significant glenoid bone loss — the coracoid tip with attached conjoint tendon is fixed to the glenoid defect, providing both bone augmentation and a dynamic sling effect. The coracoid impingement syndrome produces anterior shoulder pain from the subscapularis compressing against the coracoid tip during internal rotation and forward flexion, with a coracohumeral distance less than 8 mm on MRI being diagnostic.
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