The coccyx consists of 3-5 fused rudimentary vertebrae attached to the sacral apex at the sacrococcygeal joint. It is the attachment point for the levator ani, sphincter ani, and coccygeus muscles and the anococcygeal ligament. Coccydynia (coccyx pain) from falls, childbirth, or repetitive sitting on hard surfaces is managed with cushions, injection, and occasionally coccygectomy.
An expanded entry for Coccyx.
| Articulations |
|
|---|---|
| Landmarks |
|
| Ossification | Ossification from multiple centres fusing progressively from superior to inferior, complete fusion in the fourth decade. |
Coccydynia from a fall onto the coccyx or from prolonged pressure produces pain on sitting (especially leaning back) and rising from sitting. Dynamic radiographs (standing vs sitting lateral) assess hypermobility or luxation. Corticosteroid injection at the sacrococcygeal joint and ganglion impar block are the primary interventional treatments. Coccygectomy for refractory cases achieves 75-85% pain relief.
Tailbone pain after a fall or childbirth, aggravated by sitting.
A backward fall fractures or dislocates the coccyx at the sacrococcygeal junction.
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