The capitulum is the spherical lateral articular surface of the distal humerus, articulating with the concave superior surface of the radial head at the radiohumeral joint. It faces anteriorly and slightly inferiorly, allowing a full arc of elbow motion. The radial fossa lies immediately above it, accommodating the radial head in full flexion.
Capitellar fractures are pure articular injuries from axial loading via the radial head, classified by the Dubberley system. Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the capitulum affects the anterolateral surface in adolescent overhead athletes, presenting as lateral elbow pain and loose bodies. The capitulum is the site of Panner's disease (osteochondrosis) in children under 10, distinct from OCD and generally self-limiting.
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