The articular eminence (condylar tubercle) is a transverse convex ridge at the anterior boundary of the mandibular fossa on the inferior temporal bone. During maximal mouth opening, the mandibular condyle translates forward onto the slope of the articular eminence. The eminence slope angle (eminence inclination) influences the degree of condylar translation and the risk of anterior disc displacement.
The articular eminence gradient determines TMJ biomechanics: a steep eminence produces more condylar translation and is associated with anterior disc displacement and hypermobility. TMJ dislocation occurs when the condyle translates anterior to the articular eminence and cannot self-reduce; reduction by downward and backward condylar pressure is performed under sedation. For recurrent dislocation, eminectomy (reduction of the eminence slope) or eminence augmentation with a bone graft (Glenotemporal osteotomy) limits condylar translation.
Excessive mouth opening displaces the condyle anterior to the articular eminence into the infratemporal fossa, preventing the normal posterior glide; reduction by applying downward pressure on the posterior molars and backward pressure on the chin overcomes the eminence and relocates the condyle.
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