The vesical venous plexus is a network of veins surrounding the lower part and base of the urinary bladder. In males it is continuous with the prostatic venous plexus and in females with the vaginal venous plexus. It drains mainly through the inferior vesical veins into the internal iliac veins.
| Origin | Veins of the bladder wall, especially around its base |
|---|---|
| Course | Lies on the inferolateral surfaces and base of the bladder, communicating with the prostatic or vaginal plexus, and drains through the inferior vesical veins to the internal iliac veins |
| Branches |
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The plexus can bleed significantly during cystectomy, hysterectomy and other deep pelvic surgery, and is one reason why the lateral pedicles of the bladder are clamped and tied. Its links with the vertebral venous plexus give a route for spread of pelvic cancers. Distended veins of the bladder base can bleed in pelvic congestion and may be visible at cystoscopy in portal or pelvic venous hypertension.
Dissection around the bladder base and lateral pedicles can tear the vesical plexus, causing heavy venous bleeding that is controlled with ligatures or sutures.
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