The suprapiriform foramen is the part of the greater sciatic foramen above the piriformis muscle. Only the superior gluteal nerve and the superior gluteal artery and vein pass through it from the pelvis into the buttock.
| Location | Upper part of the greater sciatic foramen, in the buttock. |
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Transmits the superior gluteal neurovascular bundle to the gluteus medius, minimus and tensor fasciae latae.
The superior gluteal vessels and nerve here are at risk in posterior pelvic fractures, sacroiliac screw placement and gluteal injections placed too high and medial. Injury to the superior gluteal nerve weakens gluteus medius and minimus, causing a Trendelenburg gait.
Damage to the nerve as it exits above piriformis, leading to hip abductor weakness and a Trendelenburg limp.
Tearing of the artery at the foramen in pelvic fractures, causing major bleeding that may need angiographic embolisation.
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