Retinal ganglion cells are the output neurons of the retina. Their axons run across the inner surface of the retina to the optic disc and form the optic nerve, about 1.2 million fibres per eye.
| Location | Ganglion cell layer, the innermost cell layer of the retina; axons in the retinal nerve fibre layer |
|---|---|
| Parts |
|
| Nerve Supply | Optic nerve |
| Blood Supply | Central retinal artery |
Carry visual signals from the eye to the brain; some also detect light directly to set body clocks and the pupil reflex.
Glaucoma kills ganglion cells and their axons, causing gradual peripheral vision loss; optical coherence tomography measures the nerve fibre layer to monitor this. Optic neuritis and some hereditary conditions also damage them.
Progressive loss of ganglion cells and axons causing irreversible field loss.
Inherited mitochondrial disease causing sudden ganglion cell loss and central vision loss in young adults.
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