The ventromedial nucleus is a large oval nucleus in the middle of the tuberal hypothalamus. Classic animal experiments showed that destroying it causes overeating and obesity, so it became known as a satiety centre. Today it is also recognised as important in glucose regulation, defensive behaviour and female sexual behaviour.
| Location | Tuberal hypothalamus, above the arcuate nucleus and lateral to the third ventricle |
|---|---|
| Parts |
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| Connections |
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| Blood Supply | Perforating branches of the posterior communicating artery |
Helps signal fullness and limit food intake, raises blood glucose during hypoglycaemia, and contributes to defensive and reproductive behaviours.
Bilateral damage to the ventromedial hypothalamus, from tumours, surgery or inflammation, can produce hyperphagia, rapid weight gain and sometimes rage-like aggression. It is part of the brain's glucose-sensing system that triggers counter-regulatory responses to low blood sugar.
Uncontrolled overeating and weight gain after bilateral damage to the ventromedial hypothalamus.
Episodes of aggression or irritability reported after ventromedial hypothalamic lesions, usually from tumours.
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