The medial circumflex femoral vein accompanies the medial circumflex femoral artery, draining the medial femoral head blood supply into the deep femoral vein. Its tributaries include the retinacular veins that drain the femoral head via the femoral neck.
The medial circumflex femoral vein and its retinacular tributaries are the venous drainage pathway for the femoral head, running in parallel with the critical medial circumflex femoral artery. In hip fracture surgery, venous bleeding from the medial circumflex territory can be difficult to control. Hip arthroplasty approaches must identify and control the medial circumflex vessels.
Haemorrhage from medial circumflex femoral vein tributaries during posterior hip approach or hip fracture surgery, producing significant bleeding requiring direct vessel ligation in the posterior capsular region.
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