- May 2, 2026The spinous process is the posterior midline projection of each vertebra, serving as the attachment site for the supraspinous and…
- May 2, 2026The transverse processes are the lateral projections from each vertebra at the junction of the pedicle and lamina, providing attachment…
- May 2, 2026The lumbar vertebral bodies are the largest in the mobile spine, supporting the full weight of the trunk, head, and…
- May 2, 2026L1 is the first lumbar vertebra at the thoracolumbar junction, the most common level for burst fractures from axial loading…
- May 2, 2026L2 is a large lumbar vertebra with a prominent body and strong transverse processes providing attachment for the psoas major…
- May 2, 2026L3 is considered the apex of the lumbar lordosis and the most mobile of the lumbar vertebrae, making it and…
- May 2, 2026L4 is at the level of the iliac crests — a key surface landmark — and the L4 nerve root…
- May 2, 2026L5 is the most inferior lumbar vertebra and the site of the most common lumbar disc herniation at the L5–S1…
- May 2, 2026The sacrum is formed by five fused sacral vertebrae forming a triangular bone that wedges between the two iliac bones…
- May 2, 2026The coccyx, or tailbone, consists of three to five fused rudimentary vertebrae at the base of the sacrum, providing attachment…