- May 2, 2026The posterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia is the primary tendinous structure of the lumbar back, formed by the aponeuroses…
- May 2, 2026The lumbar multifidus inserts via short, stout tendinous slips into the spinous processes, mammillary processes, and posterior sacrum. These tendons…
- May 2, 2026The quadratus lumborum attaches inferiorly to the iliolumbar ligament and iliac crest via a broad tendinous layer, and superiorly to…
- May 2, 2026The iliocostalis lumborum originates via tendinous slips from the iliac crest and posterior sacrum, forming the lateral column of the…
- May 2, 2026The lumbar zygapophyseal (facet) joint spaces are paired synovial joints between the superior and inferior articular processes of adjacent lumbar…
- May 2, 2026The L4-L5 intervertebral disc is the most commonly symptomatic lumbar disc level, producing L5 nerve root compression when posterolateral herniation…
- May 2, 2026The L3-L4 intervertebral disc is the middle lumbar disc level, less commonly herniated than L4-L5 and L5-S1 but producing L4…
- May 2, 2026Each of the four paired sacral foramina transmits a sacral spinal nerve and associated vessels, forming short fibro-osseous canals through…
- May 2, 2026The sacroiliac joint has an anterior synovial cavity (the lower one-third) and a posterior fibrocartilaginous syndesmosis. The synovial portion is…
- May 2, 2026The posterior epidural space lies between the posterior dura mater and the ligamentum flavum and laminae, containing epidural fat, the…