The ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb interphalangeal joint provides ulnar stability, connecting the ulnar distal proximal phalanx head to the ulnar distal phalanx base.
Resists radial deviation at the thumb IP joint, provides the static ulnar stability of the IP articulation, and is the ligament tested in thumb IP joint valgus stress.
Thumb IP UCL injury occurs from radial deviation mechanism. Combined IP UCL and distal phalangeal base fracture may require internal fixation if the fracture involves more than 25% of the articular surface with volar subluxation.
Thumb IP UCL injury with associated volar plate avulsion fracture at the distal phalanx base, requiring surgical fixation when articular involvement exceeds 25% or joint subluxation is present.
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